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Latest NCERT Pattern 2024 Class 6 science chapter 1 components of food Notes
The components of food provide nutrition and hence, are also termed as nutrients. Different nutrients present in food. Fats, Proteins, Vitamins and minerals, Carbohydrates.
About Carbohydrates
It's Provide energy to our body.
There are two types of carbohydrates: SUGAR and STARCH
- SUGAR: it is called SIMPLE carbohydrates.
- Source: fruits, honey, and table sugar
- STARCH: it is called COMPLEX carbohydrate. Plants store energy in the form of starch.
- Source: Rice, wheat, corn, potato, and bread.
- If after adding iodine to the food, the food turns into blue-black colour, then it indicates that it contains starch.
- In our digestive system sugar and starch are broken down into glucose by various enzymes (substance produced by a living organism which helps to bring about a specific biochemical reaction).
- GLUCOSE is the SIMPLEST form of Carbohydrates.
- It is then absorbed into the blood and provides us energy.
About Fats
It's Provide energy to our body.
- Fats are the slowest source of energy but the most energy-efficient form of food.
- Each gram of fat supplies the body with calories, more than twice that supplied by equal amount of proteins or carbohydrates.
- Food containing both carbohydrates and fat are called "ENERGY GIVING FOODS
There are of two types of FAT:- SATURATED and UNSATURATED
- SATURATED: Normally Solid at room temperature. Eg butter and ghee.
- UNSATURATED: Normally Liquid at room temperature. E.g., vegetable oil
Note: Excess body fat leads to a condition called Obesity. Obesity may lead to heart diseases.
There are generally two types of source of fat:- Plant & Animal
- Plant source: ground nut oil, Mustard oil, Sunflower oil, Coconut oil, Cashew, Soyabean
- Animal source: Butter, ghee, milk, cheese, egg yolk, Meat, fish,
About Proteins
Protein is needed for growth and repair of our body.
- Food containing proteins are called 'BODY BUILDING FOODS.
- Children require more protein because of the rapid growth of their body.
- Our Muscles, organs even bloods are made up of mostly proteins.
There are generally two types of source of Protein: Plant & Animal.
- Plant source: peas, soyabean, groundnut.
- Animal source: Milk, cheese, fish, meat, chicken, eggs.
Protein rich food put it in test tube and add some water heat the test tube for 1 min →let it cool, then add two drops of COPPER SULPHATE sol and SODIUM HYDROXIDE turn PURPLE/VIOLET to confirm presence of Protein.
About Vitamins
For proper functioning of our body we need vitamins in our diet. Vitamins keep us healthy. There are about 20 vitamins
Vitamins are of two types: FAT-SOLUBLE and WATER-SOLUBLE.
- FAT-SOLUBLE: A,D,E,K Stored in fat tissues of our body. Our body prepares vitamin D in the presence of sunlight.
- WATER-SOLUBLE: B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, FOLIC ACID & VITAMIN C Not stored in body, so regular intake is necessary.
About Minerals
Minerals are nutrients that contain certain elements.
- They are required in small quantities in our diet.
- Their deficiency also leads to efficiency diseases.
Minerals are of two types: MACRO-MINERALS & TRACE MINERALS.
- MACRO: Required more in amount by our body e.g., Calcium, magnesium, Sodium, Potassium.
- TRACE: Required in very small amount e.g., tran, Zinc, Copper, iodine.
To detect the presence of starch:- The presence of starch in food can be tested with dilute iodine. Iodine produced a black blue colour on combination with starch.
The presence of fats can be tested on the basis of the fact that fats produce a greasy patch when rubbed on a clean sheet of paper. The greasy patch allows some light to pass through it when held against a source of light and hence, appears to be bright as compared to the rest of the paper.
The presence of proteins is detected by the fact that proteins give a violet colour with alkaline solution of copper sulphate.
Latest NCERT Pattern 2024 Class 6 science chapter 1 components of food Notes with pdf in English
Importance of Nutrients
Food containing carbohydrates and fats are called energy-giving foods.
Source of Carbohydrates:- Cereals, maize potatoes, sugar, honey. banana, melon, papaya etc.
Function:- provide energy
Source of fat:- Butter, ghee, milk, cheese, oil, egg yolk, meat etc.
Function:- Provide twice as much energy as compared to carbohydrates.
Source of protein:- Milk, pulses, peas, beans, chicken, fish, eggs, cheese etc.
Function:- Necessary for the growth and repair of the body Protein rich foods are known as bodybuilding food items.
Latest NCERT Pattern 2024 Class 6 science chapter 1 components of food Notes with pdf in English
Source of vitamin:
vitamin A:- Carrot, milk, green leafy vegetables etc.
Function:- Good eyesight, Healthy skin, Hair.
vitamin B 1:- Wholegrain cereals, potatoes, green vegetables etc.
Function:- Growth and proper functioning of the digestive system, heart, nerves and muscles.
vitamin C:- Citrus fruits, amla, tomato, guava etc.
Function:- Healthy teeth, gums Healthy joints Increases the resistance of the body to infections and helps in fighting diseases.
vitamin D:- Milk, fish, egg, butter Some Vitamin D is also made in our body when the skin is exposed to early morning sunlight etc.
Function:- Normal growth of bones and teeth. it helps to absorb calcium from food.
Source of Minerals:- Milk, pulses, green leafy vegetables, seafood, salt (iodine), fruits etc.
Function:- Proper functioning of the body, Formation of blood, Coagulation of blood, Functioning of muscles Functioning of nerves, thyroid gland, etc.
Source of Minerals:- Plant products, whole grains, pulses, fresh fruits and vegetables etc.
Function:- They are also known as roughage, Help to eliminate undigested food.
Source of Water:- Besides liquid water, many food items contain water, such as tomatoes, melons, cabbage and lettuce.
Function:- Absorbs nutrients from food, Helps in transportation and regulation within the body.
Latest NCERT Pattern 2024 Class 6 science chapter 1 components of food Notes with pdf in English
About Balanced Diet
* A balanced diet contains all the classes of food in adequate proportions which supply the required energy for the body and maintain proper growth and functioning of the body.
* The requirement of energy varies from person to person depending on age, gender, height, weight, type of occupation, lifestyle and climate.
* Food such as pulses, groundnut, sprouted seeds, fermented foods, spinach and a combination of flours are highly nutritious.
* Junk food refers to any food which is high in salt, fat, sugar or calories and low in nutrient content.
* Few examples of junk food are fried snacks, aerated drinks, gum, sugar candy, most sweets and desserts.
* Prolonged consumption of such foods can deprive the body of a balanced diet which may lead to problems such as diabetes, heart diseases and obesity.
* Obesity is a condition where excess fat accumulates in the body.
Latest NCERT Pattern 2024 Class 6 science chapter 1 components of food Notes with pdf in English
Preventing Loss of Nutrients
- It is important that food is cooked right so that its nutrients are not lost.
- Vegetables and fruits must be washed before cutting. This will prevent loss of nutrients.
- If vegetables have to be peeled, then the peels must be as thin as possible to prevent the loss of nutrients.
- Repeated washing of rice and pulses may remove water-soluble vitamins.
- Many nutrients and minerals are lost when excess water used for cooking is thrown away. Overcooking of food must be avoided.
Deficiency Disease
- Deficiency of one or more nutrients can cause imbalance or disorders in the body.
- Diseases which occur due to lack of nutrients over a long period are called deficiency diseases.
Nutrients > Diseases > Symptoms
Vitamin A > Loss of vision > Poor vision, loss of vision in darkness or sometimes complete loss of vision
Vitamin B1 > Beriberi, pellagra, etc. > Weak muscles and very little energy to work
Vitamin C > Scurvy > Bleeding gums and wounds which take time to heal.
Vitamin D > Rickets > Bones become soft and bent.
iodine > Goitre > Glands in the neck appear swollen
Iron > Anaemia > Weakness
Proteins > Kwashiorkor in children > The child has stunted growth and reduced immunity. The stomach swells and bulges with swelling of feet.
Calcium > Osteoporosis, tooth decay > Weak bones and tooth decay
Carbohydrates and Proteins > Marasmus > The child becomes thin, Bones can be seen through the skan; ribs can be clearly seen.
Latest NCERT Pattern 2024 Class 6 science chapter 1 components of food Notes with pdf in English
Different Type of Food
Energy-giving:- Carbohydrates and Fats. Carbohydrates provide us instant energy. Fats are food stored energy resources.
Body-building:- Proteins are body building food as they help in body growth and repair of food damaged parts of the body.
Protective food:- Vitamins and minerals are protective food as they protect us from many diseases. They give us resistance against disease causing germ.
Roughage or dietary fibers.
- Roughage is the fibrous matter in food which can't be digested.
- Mainly made of an indigestible carbohydrate called 'cellulose' which is present in plant cell walls.
- It does not provide any nutrient to our body.
- It has no FOOD VALUE but its presence is essential in our food.
- Lack of fibers in our diet causes the stool to become hard & difficult to pass. This condition is called constipation.
Use of Water in our Body
- Water makes up almost 70 per cent of our body weight.
- It helps to transport substances inside our body.
- It helps our body to absorb nutrients from food.
- It helps to regulate our body temperature.
- It is needed for various chemical reactions that take place inside our body during digestion, excretion, etc.
- We get water not only from the liquids we drink but also from the food we eat. Milk, fruits, vegetables, and juices are good sources of water.
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